At CEFR level A1, learners master Possessivartikel (possessive articles) to express ownership and relationships. These words decline like ein/eine, changing endings to match the noun’s gender, case, and number, while the choice of article (mein, dein, sein…) depends on who owns or is related to the noun.
Possessive articles show who owns or is related to something. They follow the same ending pattern as ein/eine and must match the noun in gender, case, and number.
Each personal pronoun has its own possessive article:
| Personalpronomen | Possessivartikel | Englisch |
|---|---|---|
| ich | mein | my |
| du | dein | your (informal) |
| er / es | sein | his / its |
| sie | ihr | her |
| wir | unser | our |
| ihr | euer | your (plural informal) |
| sie / Sie | ihr / Ihr | their / your (formal) |
All possessive articles follow the same ending pattern as ein/eine. Apply the same endings to dein, sein, ihr, unser, euer, Ihr:
| Kasus | Maskulin | Feminin | Neutrum | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominativ | mein Vater | meine Mutter | mein Kind | meine Eltern |
| Akkusativ | meinen Vater | meine Mutter | mein Kind | meine Eltern |
| Dativ | meinem Vater | meiner Mutter | meinem Kind | meinen Eltern |
When euer receives an ending, the middle -e- usually drops:
Use sein for male or neuter owners; ihr for female or plural owners.
Use dein informally; Ihr (capital I) in formal/professional contexts.
Possessivartikel (possessive articles) are words that indicate ownership or relationship: mein (my), dein (your), sein (his/its), ihr (her/their), unser (our), euer (your plural), Ihr (your formal). They decline like ein/eine, changing endings to match the noun’s gender, case, and number.
Possessive articles follow the ein/eine pattern. In nominative: mein Vater (m), meine Mutter (f), mein Kind (n), meine Eltern (pl). In accusative: meinen Vater (m changes!), meine Mutter (f unchanged), mein Kind (n unchanged), meine Eltern (pl unchanged). In dative: meinem Vater, meiner Mutter, meinem Kind, meinen Eltern. Only masculine accusative changes from nominative.
Use sein for male or neuter owners (er/es): Tom → sein Auto (his car), das Kind → sein Spielzeug (its toy). Use ihr for female owners (sie) or plural owners (sie): Maria → ihr Auto (her car), die Kinder → ihr Spielzeug (their toy). The choice depends on the owner’s gender, not the noun’s gender.
When euer receives an ending, the middle -e- drops for pronunciation ease: euer Lehrer (nominative masculine, no ending) becomes euren Lehrer (accusative masculine), eurem Lehrer (dative masculine), eure Lehrerin (feminine). The base form ‘euer’ keeps the -e- only when no ending is added.